Drain-tile



(No Model.)-

W. READING.

DRAIN TILE.

No. 460,352. Patented Sept. 29,1891.

1n: name versus 0a., mum-m- I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC.

IVILLIAM READING, OF ROCKVILLE, MARYLAND.

DRAIN-TILE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 460,352, datedSeptember 29, 1891. Application filed May 27, 1891. Serial No. 394,330.(No model.)

T0 at whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM READING, a citizen of the United States,residing at Rockville,in the count-y of Montgomery and State ofMaryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inDrain-Tiles; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention is an improvement in draintiles; and it consists in thenovel features of construction hereinafter fully described.

, In the drawings I have illustrated several forms in which I havecontemplated en1bodying my invention, and the same is fully described inthe following description and claims. 1

Referring to the said drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of oneform of myimproved drain-tile. Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the same.Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are sectional views of slightlymodified constructions.

My improvements relate to drai n tiles which are intended for use moreparticularly in draining swamp and other wet lands where it is desiredto take the water out of the surrounding earth and convey it away,leaving the ground dry and firm. In the practical use of tile for thispurpose it has been found that where the ordinary porous or unglazedclay tile is employed and the water has to percolate through the same inorder to get into the interior of the tile the process of draining theground is very slowly and imperfectly carried out. It has been proposedto make apertures in the tile to let in the water from the surroundingearth; but this is a very objectionable plan, as in filling up thetrench in which the tile is placed theapertures are covered with earthand partially or wholly closed, and the water as it passes into the tilethrough these apertures, if any remain open, will carry a considerableamount of mud and sediment with it, which will clog up the drain and interfere with its efiectiveness.

The object of my invention is to obviate these objections and provide atile which has suitable apertures for the admission of collectedmoisture, but which are protected in such a way as to prevent theirbeing stopped up with dirt or admitting quantities of dirt and sedimentwith the water. To this end I provide the tile A,as shown in thedrawings, with a longitudinally-extending web or flange B, extending ina downwardly-inclined direction along one or both sides of the tile, andbeneath this web or flange I provide the tile with a series of aperturesor perforations a a a. It will be seen that the web or flange Boverhangs the apertures portion of the tile like the eaves of a house,and when the trench in which the tile is placed is filled in with earththe earth will be deflected to either side as it falls on the tile, anda space will be left all along the sides of the tile adjacent to theopenings 0, a, so that water accumulating around the tile A readilypasses unobstructed into the tile.

In order to facilitate the passage of the water through the apertures aa,I prefer to provide the sides of the tile with shallow grooves A, asshown in Figs. 1, 2, and 5, in which the apertures are made so that saidgrooves will serve to conduct the Water from one aperture along toanother and in case it should fail to enter one it will find its wayinto another. I may make the tile itself of any desired shape and size.

In Figs. 1 and 2 I have shown a cylindrical tile provided withdownwardly projecting flange B,and in Fig. 5 I have shown a rectangulartile similarly provided with a flange B. In this figure I have shown theapertures a a extending through the tile in a downwardlyinclineddirection toward the interior, thus facilitating the passage of waterinto the tile.

In Figsll and 4 I have shown a tile having an elliptical form incross-section. In these figures the overhanging web or flange is formedbyincreasing the thickness of the tile gradually for about one-half ofthe periphery of the tile and terminating the thickened portionabruptlyin a horizontal or downwardly inclined shoulder. The shoulder soformed would protect the apertures a a in the same manner as theprojecting flange B shown in the other figures.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The herein-described drain-tile, having a perforated portion and anoverhanging portion extending laterally beyond the vertical opening intosaid grooves, and the longiplane of the perforated portions of the tile,tudinally-extending flanges protecting said as substantially asdescribed. grooves and apertures, substantially as de- 2. Theherein-described drain-tile, having. scribed. 5 the perforated sideportion and continuous In testimony whereoflaflixmysignatnre in I5longitudinal flanges extending laterally bepresence of two witnesses.

yond the vertical plane of the perforated por- YVILLIAM READING. tion ofthe tile, substantially as described. Witnesses:

3. Theherein-described drain-tile,'provided v A. G. M. PREvosT, :0 withthe longitudinal grooves, the apertures r S. BRASHEARS.

